The Founding Documents Of The Declaration Of Independence...

Introduction and Thesis â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.† If these words are true then why should we segregate one another by a precondition such as Universal Health care? A system that should allow residents of a specific region the opportunity to have healthcare coverage. This paper argues stipulations that all residents should be given the opportunities stated in the founding documents as well as the right to suitable healthcare, economic productivity and, a base for a just nation. In 2014 according to the US Census Bureau 33 million people in the United States which equates to 10.4% did not have health insurance. Thus, possibly assisting with the inability to provide residents with lifesaving treatments and accurate care for those in dire need but were unable to receive certain previsions due to not having health car e. Argument Explanation Reason 1: The founding documents of the Declaration of Independence provide support as right to life and a satisfactory health condition will help remedy such an outcome. Which encompasses having the health care needed to preserve life and pursue happiness. The purpose of the US Constitution, as stated in the Preamble, is to promote the general welfare of the people. According to former Congressman Dennis Kucinich (D-OH), as part of efforts to promoteShow MoreRelatedThe Declaration Of Independence Is The Founding Document Of American History1362 Words   |  6 PagesThe Declaration of Independence is the founding document of American history and has been included among one of the best documents to be written in the history of the United States of America. This declaration basically has five parts though not distinctively labeled. These parts are the introduction, preamble, the Indictment of King George III, the denunciation of the British people and the conclusion. The writers of this document are able to pass their message across through the use ofRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence By Great Britain882 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution, and Jefferson’s Letter to the Danbury Baptists are three significant documents that played a major role in the founding of our nation. The documents are important on their own as they cut ties with a large country, establish a new country, and enforce the rights of its citizens. However, they are just important as a set as they show the growth and strength of a nation in its infancy. 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With beautiful, flowing words and tr ue foresight into the future, Jefferson used the appeal of Ethos, Pathos and Logos. Thomas Jefferson vision for this country was well represented in the writing as he wrote it beforeRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence, By Edmund Burke, John Locke, And Alexis De Tocqueville964 Words   |  4 PagesThe Declaration of Independence, arguably the most important document to have been written in the history of the United States, testified to the sovereignty given by the Founding Fathers to King George III and the whole of Great Britain which ultimately established the Thirteen Colonies as autonomous and free. The ideas perpetuated in the pages of this great document are compelling and genuine. However, they did not appear out of thin air. Therefore, it is appropriate to assert that these conceptsRead MoreJean-Jacques Rousseau Influence on the Declaration of Independence743 Words   |  3 PagesThe Declaration of Independence is the foundation of America. It contains â€Å"the wor ds that made America,† (Fink, 9). Five of the founding fathers got together and penned this important document. As they penned this document, they were inspired by a number of European philosophers and writers. One of these philosophers was Jean-Jacques Rousseau. â€Å"Jean-Jacques Rousseau played a significant role in three different revolutions: in politics, his work inspired and shaped revolutionary sentiment inRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence : The United States1552 Words   |  7 Pages The Document that Lead to Freedom America is known by people all over the world as a country that firmly believes that everyone has the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This however was not always the case for the United States. It was once ruled by King George III, and the American people were under the control of the British Parliament. It is what the founding fathers of our country fought for, that made it possible for the United States to be what our country is today.Read More Modern Day Relevance of The Declaration of Independence Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesRelevance of The Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence is one of the most important documents produced by an American thinker. Reading The Declaration of Independence presents the reader with a window into the world of revolutionary America. It conveys the dynamic nature of the time better than any written work of the period. The real importance of The Declaration of Independence lies not in the purpose for which Jefferson created it, to declare independence from Great BritainRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence : What Shaped And Provided The Freedom The United States Of America1030 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract The declaration of Independence is what shaped and provided the freedom the United States of America has today. 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Two Contrasting Views of Slavery in Literature Beloved...

In this essay, I will be examining the works of two authors on the topic of slavery in America: Ulrich B. Phillips American Negro Slavery (1918) and Toni Morrison Beloved (1987). One writes as a Southerner and a historian who is defending southern slaveholders and draws upon contemporary racial theory to justify the system as beneficial to African Americans. The other writes as an African-American woman who is looking to write women into history and in doing so, add a female voice to the past. The purpose of comparing these two texts is to bring awareness that historical knowledge is constructed and not a given and that the profile of the author influences the content of their work. When examining the history of slavery in†¦show more content†¦It was about these anonymous people called slaves. What they do to keep on, how they make a life, what theyre willing to risk Almost 70 years earlier, Ulrich B. Phillips wrote American Negro Slavery (1918). Of his work, Phillips wrote: the historians chief concern is with facts, their authenticity and accuracy; and interpretation is a secondary consideration. While the goal of both authors was to record the past, the way in which they have chosen to do so differs greatly. When reading these two works together, one is struck by the difference in perspectives of Morrison and Phillips in how they regard writing about the past. Toni Morrisons Beloved can be read as an overt and passionate quest to fill a gap neglected by historians and in fugitive slave narratives, to record the everyday lives of the disremembered and unaccounted for While `recording the everyday was the goal of Phillips, he does so entirely from a white perspective and without consultation of slave sources, instead basing his work on the written accounts of slaveowners. This speaks volumes as to his perception of the importance of slaves themselves, considering their stories an unnecessary addition to his work on the topic of slavery. As Morrison reminds us historically, we [African Americans] were seldom invited to participate in the discourse even when we were its topic. Common to both works, is the way in which the

Employment and Personal Values free essay sample

It is important to handle the conflict with dignity and to find a solution to the conflict in which your individual values are maintained, as well as your professional integrity. Personal values act as motivators and impact priorities. Examples of motivating values are achievement, happiness, advancement/promotion, and family. To gain a better understanding of how your values motivate you to set priorities, try looking at your personal activities. (Values, 8) When making a decision based on your personal values and the activities that influence hose values, it is important to realize that the priority that you place on these values will potentially have both positive and negative consequences. When choosing a career at a company, you should recognize the potential consequences and conflicts that you may be faced with. It is important to didst anguish carefully between your personal values and organizational values. When faced with a situation that you feel uncomfortable with in a professional situation, you should first consult with your companys Code of Conduct. It is possible that the situation also Is In conflict with the Code of Conduct. Although the law does to require a Code of Conduct, company leaders see the benefit of having their ethical polices formalized. (Pace, 28) codes of conduct are beneficial to employers, because it lets employees know what is expected of them. It is important for an employer to uphold their Code of Conduct, because if they dont, the code becomes useless.All employees should have a copy of the Code of Conduct to refer to so that they know what is considered acceptable conduct, how to handle and report misconduct and the potential penalties for misconduct. Relationships with employees, peers and bosses can cause conflict for management. The dilemma is further complicated by the fact that these critical people may have contrary goals and competing needs. A misstep in handling an ethical issue may well affect a relationship, or linger on the conscience, for years to come. (Maddox, 7) As an employee, when faced with a situation that goes against your personal beliefs, you must make sure that regardless of the outcome, you have a clear conscience and feel comfortable with your decisions and actions. Almost daily basis with a co-worker. This person plays Christian music loudly at her cubicle throughout the day. Personally, I do not have a problem with the Christian USIA. In fact, I listen too Christian radio station in my vehicle constantly. However, I do not agree that the workplace is the best place to play this music.We see a variety of customers throughout the day who have different beliefs and values than we do. Furthermore, we work in a government office and have to be very careful not to cross over an imaginary line. I personally would be offended if I visited a government office and had rap music or heavy metal music played to me while conducting business. I think that she could offend a customer who would rather not hear about religion Nile obtaining a building permit. A better option for this co-worker would be to listen to her music when there are no customers and then mute or stop the music En there is someone at her desk.Professionalism is a trait that we should maintain at all times. It can be hard to maintain your composure when a situation conflicts with your personal beliefs. An Individual needs to consider how the ramifications and the severity of these ramifications when analyzing a situation that offends them personally. If the situation involves a co-worker, you should discuss the situation with them and let them know why you find their actions offensive to you. Hopefully your co-worker will aspect your values and you can find common ground on the situation.

Pre-Bid Joint Venture Agreement Essay Example

Pre-Bid Joint Venture Agreement Essay PRE-BIDDING JOINT VENTURE AGREEMENTbetweenCompany AandCompany Bin respect ofCONSTRUCTION PROJECTTHE PRE-BIDDING JOINT VENTURE AGREEMENTThis Pre Bidding Joint Venture Agreement (â€Å"The Agreement†) entered into as of this _________ day of ________________, 20___ (being the actual date on which the Agreement will be signed) by and between: (A) Company A with their office at ___________ (hereinafter called â€Å"Party A†) of the one part(B) Company B with their office at _________________ (together with its successors and assignees hereinafter called â€Å"Party B†), of the other part Both parties shall be jointly referred to as the â€Å"Parties†.WITNESSETH:Whereas the parties hereto desire to submit a joint bid to _____________(hereinafter referred to as the Owner), for the construction of ________________(herein called the Work).WHEREAS, the parties each hereby certify and represent to each other their ability to provide their respective share of bonding capacity, finances, personnel, equipment and supervision to complete the work in the event they are the successful bidder and to sustain and pay for any losses that may be incurred;NOW THEREFORE, it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows:1. They will jointly prepare a bid to be submitted to the Owner for a contract for the Work.2. The bid shall be submitted in the names of the undersigned as joint venturers and should a contract for said Work be obtained as a result of such bid, such contract shall be taken in the names of the undersigned, as joint venturers, or in such other name as may be agreed upon by the undersigned with the consent and approval of the Owner.3. Each and every obligation created by any such bid or contract shall be the joint and several obligation of the undersigned.4. The interest of the undersigned in any such contract, if obtained, and in the Work shall be

In 1930-1935, Max Dupain created a black and white photograph titled Eggs Essays

In 1930-1935, Max Dupain created a black and white photograph titled Eggs Essays In 1930-1935, Max Dupain created a black and white photograph titled Eggs Essay In 1930-1935, Max Dupain created a black and white photograph titled Eggs Essay Max Dupain focuses intensely on the establishing the perfect lighting technique to create the right mood and texture that the eggs appear to possess. Using the shy but strong light source he highlights the eggs fragility and delicacy. He has also used high contrasts of black and white to better differentiate the diverse, opposing colours and tones, generally, the blacks and the whites. Dupain positions the eggs in a way to create a patterned shadow to reveal more of the precise detail gone into the making of the artwork. With the remarkable positioning of the eggs, Dupain has also placed the eggs on harsh, abrasive wooden boards, to further place emphasis on the insubstantial texture of the eggs. As a final point, Dupain has used, in particular, the lighting, high contrast and positioning of the eggs as techniques to expose the eggs to their highest point. With all these techniques and methods, he has taken a bunch of everyday objects like the cup and egg to give help us form a whole new perspective on it with the careful control of the image. In the foreground of the painting steadily lays five randomly-positioned chalky white eggs. Their flawlessness and polished surface is achieved by the well-planned lighting and the contrast of the two different textures. Their shadow creates a pattern similar to that of a cloud. This effect makes the eggs appear even more small, frail and light because they appear to drifting on the cloud. To the top left of the eggs is a small, round cup, with no handles. The opening of the cup is relatively the same size of an egg. The crisp shadow of the cup is stretched out to reach one of the eggs, suggesting a feel of connection between the egg and the cup. The eggs and cup are both placed on a series of wooden planks. The wooden boards are rough, coarse and callused, and the eggs are unblemished and brittle. These two conflicting textures appear so contrasted next to each other, their texture is more accentuated because they both appear so varied. The diagonal planks of wood also appear as a form of leading lines, as their diagonal positioning leads to the eggs. The connection between the eggs and the wood are emphasized by the patterned shadows. Around the top two corners, the tone is very dark, and most of the area is covered by black. The high viewpoint is quite unique to what we normally see with most artworks. This may be because they want to get the shadows and their strength in well to associate with the rest of the other objects. This high viewpoint also helps us to communicate more with the object, because he is exposing the subject more as he reveals the whole and larger image with the viewpoint. More ground is covered with that viewpoint rather than what we would see in a normal picture, with the lower, straight on viewpoint. The tones in the artwork are very contrasted, they are all very different from one another. Because of the lighting, the tones are sharper, stronger but look atmospheric. There are a range of tones, but the main two are obvious, clearly stated within the eggs and cup and the shadows and the darkness of the table boards. The tones also help to achieve the effect of purity of the eggs, because of the distinction between the lighter and the darker tones. There is a limited amount of colour in this photograph. They contribute to the contrast of the blacks and whites and appear organic and natural. The eggs are of a warm, china-white colour, creamy colour. The greys and browns promoted by the table have a staggering effect on the eggs. Each colour brings out the next because they are all very unalike. They do, however, blend into one another, yet strive to distinguish. The lines in the photo are very fine and minute, particularly covering the eggs, adding to the fine, delicacy of their appearance. The lines are not as dominating as the colours are. Max Dupain has not focused as much on the accuracy and positioning of the lines as he has with the lighting, and highly contrasting colours and tones, etc. The shapes in Dupains photo are curved, oval and rotund. Mainly due to the shapes of the eggs and cups and their shadows. However, the rectangular shape of the wooden planks also, again contrast to the shapes of the eggs. There is much contrasting and differentiating with the two opposite textures, shapes, colours and tones of the eggs and the table. The shadows formed by the eggs are patterned. The constant curved shape and bump of the egg makes the shadow appear continual and ongoing, symbolising eternity, perhaps. The eggs are placed in front, closest to the viewer and the cup is directly above it, closer to the background. The light has been accurately and cleverly used and planned so that the end product really reveals its intended effect. The light source is from behind the cup and eggs, used to create the sharp shadows. The eggs and cup are proportioned to be of similar size. The perspective of the artwork is higher, from normal artworks to fit the image intended within. This photograph has been evenly balanced. The heavy, strong dark shadows in the left hand side, particularly in the top balance out with the multiple eggs and their shadows. The focal point of the artwork would be the eggs. The diagonal wood planks lead toward it and so does the shadow from the cup. I think the artwork symbolises a variety of different moods and emotional issues. It is all really based on Max Dupains strive to change the view of an everyday object into a more sophisticated and appealing image. The photograph helps to expand on its original image into a photo of simplicity and originality to create a mood of serenity and tranquillity. This photograph changes and twists everyday objects to help form our respect for them. Max Dupain also tries to bring out the effect of how eggs can also be a form of life. Suggested by how the human life starts, Dupain tries to accumulate a feel for what eggs can also mean, besides breakfast. I think the way he has really dramatically distorted our image of an egg is what is best about this photograph. I think the artwork is surprisingly, unsuccessful. Despite my high opinions of it, I think the majority of people think of this artwork as just a bunch of eggs with a cup on a table. To me, it means much more and that much more effort and work has been done to create what the end result is. Although some might agree with me, the majority dont. Nobody would be as interested in it for the pure reason of it being tedious and pointless; my more negative and superficial opinion. When I first saw the photograph, I had a more bland and shallow idea of it than what I think about it now. I just thought of it as a more plain and simple photograph. After analysing and studying it, it appealed to me more and I saw it as a more meaningful and original photo than I had before. The artwork makes me feel stable, calm and pleasant. The picture is appealing and creates an effect of calmness so it is the general mood I experience. The objects within the picture seem to communicate with the viewer, all characterised by all the techniques used by Dupain. The painting reminds me of how looks can everyday stereotypes can be deceiving and how somethings whole image can be changed, with just a little focus and concentration. The eggs symbolise, to me five delicate, fragile, lives in search for its meaning.

Learn the Parts of the Roman Name

Learn the Parts of the Roman Name In todays international world, you may come across: people who have what we would call the last name before the first namepeople known by a singular name (like Madonna or Lady Gaga, since Lady is a title)people who lack a middle name (George Washington)people with extra middle (saints names)people with the requisite number to fill out most contemporary forms in the U.S.: a first, middle, and last name Ancient Roman Names During the Republic, Roman male citizens might be referred to by the tria nomina 3 names. The first of these 3 names was the praenomen, which was followed by the nomen, and then the cognomen. This wasnt a hard and fast rule. There might also be an agnomen. Praenomina were waning by the 2nd century A.D. Although not shown on this page, there were sometimes additional names, especially on inscriptions, often abbreviated, that gave further indications of social groupings like tribes, and, in the case of slaves and freedmen, their social status. Praenomen The praenomen was a first name or personal name. Females, who didnt have praenomina until late, were called by the name of their gens. If further distinction were necessary, one would be called the older (maior) and the other the younger (minor), or by number (tertia, quarta, etc.) The praenomen was usually abbreviated [See Roman Abbreviations on Inscriptions]. Here are some of the common praenomina with their abbreviations: Aulus A.Appius App.Gaius C.Gnaeus Cn.Decimus D.Kaeso K.Lucius L.Marcus M.Numerius Num.Publius P.Quintus Q.Servius Ser.Sextus Sex.Spurius Sp.Titus Ti.Tiberius Ti. Tib. Latin Grammar Romans could have more than one praenomen. Foreigners granted Roman citizenship by imperial decree took the emperors nomen gentile as a praenomen. This made the praenomen less useful as a way to distinguish men, so by the end of the third century, the praenomen had virtually vanished except to confer high social status [Fishwick]. The basic name became the nomen cognomen. Nomen The Roman nomen or nomen gentile (nomen gentilicum) indicated the gens from which a Roman came. The nomen would end in -ius. In the case of adoption into a new gens, the new gens was indicated by the -ianus ending. Cognomen + Agnomen Depending on the time period, the cognomen part of the Roman name could indicate the familia within the gens that the Roman belonged to. The cognomen is a surname. Agnomen also refers to a second cognomen. This is what you see when you see a Roman general awarded the name of a country he conquered like Africanus. By the first century B.C. women and the lower classes began to have cognomina (pl. cognomen). These were not inherited names, but personal ones, which began to take the place of the praenomina. These might come from a part of the womans fathers or mothers name. Sources Names and Identities: Onomastics and Prosopography, by Olli Salomies, Epigraphic Evidence, edited by John Bodel.Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law, by Adolf Berger; Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (1953), pp. 333-809.Latin Funerary Epigraphy and Family Life in the Later Roman Empire, by Brent D. Shaw; Historia: Zeitschrift fà ¼r Alte Geschichte (1984), pp. 457-497.Hastiferi, by Duncan Fishwick; The Journal of Roman Studies(1967), pp. 142-160.J.P.V.D. Balsdon, ; 1962.

The East India Decline in year 1833 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The East India Decline in year 1833 - Essay Example This paper accounts for the decline of the East India Company in light of the political and commercial influences occurring in the Year 1833. It considers the fall in the East India Company with specific concern Charter Act 1833 It considers the fall in the East India Company with specific concern Charter Act 1833. The East India Decline in year 1833: Â § Introduction The East India Company was perhaps among the most powerful commercial organization that the world had ever witnessed. In its heyday it not only had monopoly on British trade with Far East and India but it was even responsible for the government of already vast Indian sub-continent. All of these factors meant that the British East India Company marked a greater historical event. The East India Company came into being in 1600 before collapsing completely in 1858 this was the phase when the Company was taken over under the direct control of Great British government. There are a number of reasons that contributed towards t he decline of the Company and eventually it being taken over. The decline of this megalomaniacal commercial entity was already destined by its own actions as far back as the mid-eighteenth century These include the short term factors such as the Indian Sepoy Mutiny as well as the other long term factors such as the internal mal administration of the Company (which had taken birth earlier than 1833), the ever increasing power of British government and to some lesser extent this can even be attributed to the change in public opinion over time. Charter Act 1833 Reform Act The period that had followed the enactment of the great Charter Act of 1833 witnessed very great change in England. (The Richest East India Merchant: The Life and Business of John Palmer of Calcutta, 1767-1836.) The industrial revolution had actually a greater impact in England. In the year 1830, the time when the Whigs came into super power in the wider political scenario of England, this opened a way of the triumph for the liberal principles. Consequently, the Reform Act was passed in the annual year 1832. (Reform Bill actually came into being by Parliament in June 1832. The Bill actually was directed against the political monopoly of the financial aristocracy and landed gave representatives of such industrial bourgeoisie access to the Parliament. However, the proletariat and petty bourgeoisie, the main forces towards the struggle for the reform had gained no electoral rights. ) The Reform Act with that the concepts of laissez faire and the rights of men were then duly emphasized. Introduction of Laissez Faire Laissez faire is a kind of style that is positive only in condition where the workers are very responsible and in the case of creative jobs where any person is thereby guided by his own aspirations. In such cases, less direction would be required so this style could have acted better. This was the kind of style where most people don't like someone looking over their shoulder of responsib ility, in that manner laissez faire style would promote a sense of trust in the workers. This style has more disadvantages this is due to the view that it is imposed as the lack of interest of the leader that leads to him being adopting this style. It just proves that there is an ineffective or poor management which makes the workers lose their sense of direction, purpose and focus. The disinterest of the leadership and management causes the workers to become less interested in their work and their dissatisfaction even increases. A laissez faire management might makes it easier for workers to do substandard job or to slack it off entirely but that usually cause a very high visibility problem to bring such workers to a lighter situation. Laissez faire, or a sort of hands off style of the governing, can lead to lots of corruption and anarchy. Many

Le Corbusier and Modern Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Le Corbusier and Modern Architecture - Essay Example From the very beginning of his life, Le Corbusier was interested in art. He studied at the La-Chaux-de-Fonds Art School in Switzerland under Charles L'Eplattenier and architect Ren Chapallaz. The influence of both these people is visible in the earliest works of Le Corbusier. In 1907, after extensively touring Europe, he worked in the office of Augeste Perret, the pioneer of reinforced concrete. Having gained experience there for three years, he moved to the office of Peter Behrens in Germany. During this period, he met a lot of influential architects like Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius, the effects of which can be seen in his works. In 1912, Le Corbusier returned to La Chaux-de-Fonds to teach along with his former teacher L'Eplattenier and to begin his own practice and continued doing this during the course of World War 1. The first works of Le Corbusier show that he was very close to nature. Before he set out on his travel in 1907, he completed his first project, Villa Pallet. During the World War when he was working in Switzerland, he formulated various theories on modern architecture, emphasizing on structural frame of reinforced concrete. This model proposed an open floor plan consisting of concrete slabs supported by a minimal number of thin, reinforced concrete columns around the edges, with a stairway providing access to each level on one side of the floor plan. This became the basic concept for most of his future projects. Le Corbusier envisaged it as an affordable, prefabricated system for the construction of new housing in the wake of World War I's destruction. Developed with the help of partners, Max Dubois and, Perret, the system differed from the then standard Hennibique frame in its idealization of floors as flat slabs without exposed beams. Its columns were perfectly straight posts without capitals, set in from the edge of the slab. This system freed both exterior and interior walls from all structural constraints. Le Corbusier moved to Paris after the war ended. Here he worked concrete structures under government contracts and ran a small brick manufacture, but he dedicated most of his time trying to perfect his skills in the discipline of painting. Purism: The Artistic Movement In 1918, Le Corbusier along with disillusioned Cubist painter, Amde Ozenfant was instrumental in terming the movement Cubism as "irrational and romantic". His book entitled "Apres le cubisme", advocates his stand. Le Corbusier orchestrated a movement called Purism, which called for the restoration of the integrity of the object in art. Ozenfant and Jeanneret established the Purist journal "L'Esprit Nouveau". Between 1918 and 1922, Le Corbusier built nothing, concentrating his efforts on Purist theory and painting. In 1922, Le Corbusier and Jeanneret opened a studio in Paris. "Anyone could reinvent oneself": Pseudonym Adopted In 1920, the name Le Corbusier appeared in his journal, an altered form of his maternal grandfather's name, "Lecorbsier". This change of name reflected his belief that "anyone could reinvent oneself". Initial Projects Maison "Citrohan" Le Corbusier tried to design single-family house models. Le

Predictive Dream Essay Example for Free

Predictive Dream Essay In this paper I chose to visit the virtual museum of fine arts in Boston, MA. I chose, Predictive Dream, by a world famous artist by the name of Aoki Katsuyo. This piece of art is currently on display at Exhibition of Fine Arts Boston, New Blue and White. This happens to be a ceramic porcelain piece of work from a series the artist created named Predictive Dreams, where skulls decorated in an excessive asymmertrical ornamentation style from cast porcelain formulate the series, . This work is neo-ornamentalism from Japanese contemporary art. Katsuyo has had many numerous solo exhibitions along with many awards. Katsuyo graduated with a BFA in painting in 1998 from Tama Art University(Tokyo, Japan). He appears to use ceramics as a form and means of deep feeling and expression that is very define and meaningful. Katsuyo stated the following about his work, The decorative styles and forms I allude to and incorporate in my works each contain a story based on historical backgrounds and ideas, myths, and allegories. Their existence in my present age makes us feel many things,: adoration, some sort of romantic emotions, a sense of fruitfulness, and langour from their excessiveness and vulgarity. And on the other hand, they make us feel tranquility and awe that can almost be I am able to express an- atmosphere- that is a part of the complex world in this age. In fact, the several decorative styles and forms I cite simultaneously hold divine and vulgar meaning in the present age, having an irrational quality and contradict each other, which I feel express an important aspect in the contemporary age in which we live. My artwork may remind viewers of a narrative story such as a fairy tale, a myth or religious objects used in ceremonies. That is to say, as if I went deep inside myself and came to be face to face with my inner shadow. In other words, it is almost like mystic experience seeing fantasy, daydreams, and awe. It might be because more technology and civilization develops, the more our inner shadow asleep which is deep inside our hearts,defines into its silhouette including mine. (Katsuyo) Choosing only one work of art was the most daunting task for the museum paper. From sculptures to photography it was difficult and nearly impossible, to choose just one piece of work. So my decision stemmed from the want of something interesting, unique, and contemporary in appearance that would be characteristic of the present to a bold and beautiful piece of work that I would not mind owning myself. There is something about this piece of art that I cannot quite define, something uncomparable and radically distinctive, that I simply cannot grasp and put my finger on and for a multitude of reasons, it is really fascinating and aesthetically pleasing to me personally. The porcelain medium and its large scale of elaborate and complicated detail make this piece of work intriguing and provocative, one that will likely stimulate discussion or even exciting controversy. As well as the artist uses a two-dimensional unique and incomparable form that I have never seen before and it is simply stunning and impressive to look at. This work in my opinion, and after careful observation, does not have a lot of variety with it being composed of one medium and does not have any color but a simple white. However, while lacking variety and an assortment of color arrangement, the work does display a nice abundance and healthy assortment of balance of unity with the use of porcelain, glossy white color, and with great in detailed lines. I believe Katsuyos work portrays a very equal balance in his work without the use of symmetry but instead displays asymmetrical balance. In this work there is also a lot of different calligraphic lines in several different layers that give it texture with their details throughout them. I feel very strongly as though this work is very expressionistic of him. After choosing this piece of work to discuss and write about I wanted to know more about this artist. I dedicated both time and effort into researching as much information as possible about him, read the artists statement as quoted previously some of his statement. I was captivated and very surprised because I could definitely see some of his form and content that he discusses in his unique and truly magnificent work. Some of Katsuyos appear to work primarily with ceramics, incorporating various decorative styles, patterns, and with symbolic forms. The works can appear simple but also be unusual and incredibly complexing. It is a skull formed together by swooping, lacy, and fragile ceramic tendrils. The porcelain skull has a feature of meticulous patterned details and almost appear to look like a coral you may see under ocean water. I really like the appearance of the life and death look and the first impression I get with this piece is actually a combination of feelings ranging from a solemn, comfortable and relaxing peace within and almost a dark, mysterious, slightly perplexing and uneasy type of reaction within myself. I find myself continually looking at this wonderfully brilliant piece of work and it amazes and completely fascinates me the time, patience, effort, skill, and critical thought process the artist has in mind. A person, such as I, can really truly appreciate the time, effort and dedication spent on such a small but yet meaningful piece of work that I am sure is adored, admired, and even possibly envied by many as of today and the future of ones that may have the opportunity to witness, observe and experience the unique appeal of this remarkable piece. The piece adds a beauty the cycle we have in this life. â€Å"The artistic expression for me however, while meaning something personal to me; can be described as a result of images from my imagination and fantasies. That is to say, as if I went deep inside myself and came to be face to face with my inner shadow. In other words, it is almost like mystic experience seeing fantasy, daydreams and awe. † (Katsuyo)

Essay example --

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is one of the most common diseases in the world with more than 1.7 million Americans suffering from one each year, making it the most frequently occurring brain disorder today (1 mond paper). mTBI is defined as a brief change in mental status or consciousness due to a blow or jolt to the head (project) and can cause a wide range of symptoms, ranging from short to long term and those symptoms affecting cognition, emotion, sleep, and the physical well-being of the person with a TBI. Neuroplasticity involves changes in neural pathways and synapses that make up for changes in behavior, the environment, and resulting body injury. It can occur on many levels ranging from small scale effects, like cellular changes, to grand scale effects, like cortical remapping. (Wiki?) A consequence of this effect is that brain activity associated with a specific function can move to a different area of the brain to make up for the deficiency in a particular function. This process is thought to occur normally throughout the brain and recently, it has been thought to occur in response to brain injury as well. Researchers are interested in the differential involvement of brain regions and the alteration of cortical networks due to these injuries (slob paper). Due to the inability to create new neurons in the brain, researchers have proposed a hypothesis that synaptic networks re-organize based on the task and previous experience to meet task demands. This paper explores the hypothesi s that persons with TBI recruit additional cerebral resources, the process of cortical rearrangement, to meet demands placed on the brain. The original overview of this hypothesis was that cortical changes ... ...with larger sample sizes so that sample subtypes can differ. By examining different subtypes, from injury severity to the magnitude of behavioral improvement (kaka), better more accurate results can be obtained while helping to validate the cortical rearrangement hypothesis. Other longitudinal studies should be done to examine the validity of biomarkers on cortical rearrangement as determining if these biomarkers are effect tools for treating TBI is also crucial for future research. Biomarker studies should also be completed with a greater number and range of subjects along analysis by a more advanced statistical software (mond). The cortical hypothesis has very important implications for future research. With further supporting research, this idea could change the way that traumatic brain injuries and maybe even neurodegenerative disease are examined and treated.

Critical thinking Essay

1. What do the authors mean by â€Å"templates†? It means that you can use right away to structure and even generate your own writing. 2. What does critical thinking require? It requires the questioning of assumptions, develop strong claims, offer supporting reasons and evidence, and consider opposing arguments. 3. How would you describe the difference between â€Å"arguing† and â€Å"entering† a conversation? In â€Å"arguing†, you assert the views of yourself and when you â€Å"enter the conversation†, you present the views of other people. 4. What famous argument do the authors use as an example? Martin Luther King Jr’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† 5. Using the 1st template on page 9, fill in the blanks with a controversial topic that interests you. He claims that gay marriages are acceptable, and I have mixed feelings about it. On the one hand I agree that a gay marriage is a commitment. On the other hand, I still insist that a marriage should be between a man and a woman. 6. What do the authors mean by a â€Å"larger conversation† and how are you supposed to use it as a writer? In particular, read page 19 carefully. â€Å"Larger conversation† helps the writer show what the information is responding to the point of the thesis. 7. What suggestions do the authors make for starting your paper? Start with what others are saying as in the title of the chapter recommends. 8. Isolate 10 templates you might actually use in your writing and explain the function of each. * Americans have always believed that __________________. * Conventional wisdom has it that ______________________. * Common sense seems to dictate that ___________________. * The standard way of thinking about topic X has it that _____. * It is often said that _________________________________. * My whole life I have heard it said that __________________. * You would think that ______________________________. * Many people assume that ___________________________. * I’ve always believed that ___________________________. * When I was a child, I used to think that ________________. 9. Define â€Å"return sentence.† A sentence that returns to the motivating â€Å"They say†. 10. On page 29, the author describes the qualities of a good summary. What are they? A good summary requires balancing the writing when the author writes and emphasizing those aspects of what the author is trying to say. 11. From each of the verb categories listed on page 37, select 5 that you think you might actually use in an argument. * Argue * Observe * Claim * Emphasize * Believe 12. According to the authors, why is it important to quote others? Quotes give tremendous amount of credit to the summary and also helps make sure it’s fair or equal. 13. Briefly summarize what the authors have to say about the relevant quotations. You need to have a sense of what you want to do with the quotations. 14. Give 5 examples of templates used for introducing quotations. * According to X, â€Å"_____________________.† * X Himself writes, â€Å"____________________.† * In her book, _______, X maintains that â€Å"___.† * X agrees when she writes, â€Å"______________.† * X complicates matters further when she writes, â€Å"______.†

Afam Studies

Michelle Fleming AFAM Ch 18 Questions 1. Explain why and how some of the New Deal programs, like the AAA and the Civilian Conservation Corps, were discriminatory. The New Deal marked an important shift in the American electoral landscape as significant numbers of African Americans gave their votes to Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Democratic Party for the first time, establishing a political loyalty that has endured for roughly seventy years. New Deal recovery and relief programs rapidly became a central element in blacks' endeavors to survive the harsh economic realities of the Depression.One of these programs, the Civilian Conservation Corps, provided more than a quarter of a million young black men with jobs and was consequently another arena in which the black community waged the struggle for greater equality. Although policy prohibited discrimination, blacks and other minorities encountered numerous difficulties in the CCC. In the early years of the program, some camps were integ rated. By 1935, however, there was, in the words of CCC director Fechner, a â€Å"complete segregation of colored and white enrollees,† but â€Å"segregation is not discrimination. At its peak, more than 250,000 African Americans were enrolled in nearly 150 all-black CCC company. 2. What was the effect of the Social Security Act on African Americans? How did that program reveal that whites often wanted to keep poor white women and blacks in subservient positions? The Social Security Act excluded those job categories blacks traditionally filled. â€Å"Negro Work† such as garbage collection, working in foundries, or domestic service was seen as jobs for blacks; now desperate whites used terror and intimidation of get employers to fire blacks so whites could have those jobs . How did African Americans survive the Great Depression? The depression hit African Americans hard. While many African Americans were already living in poverty, white employers felt no reservations a bout firing their black workers first and by 1932 more than half of African Americans were out of the jobs. Racial tensions grew as economic tensions mounted; lynching's in the south saw a huge resurgence. â€Å"Although there were many inequities in the New Deal housing, agricultural and economic programs, blacks had opportunities to obtain employment, some in areas previously closed to them.Black writers, for example, participated in the New Deal's writing projects, while other black Americans interviewed former slaves for the Works Project Administration (WPA)† 3. What was the NAACP role during the 1920s through the 1940s? NAACP’s anti-lynching campaign of the 1930s combined widespread publicity about the causes and costs of lynching, a successful drive to defeat Supreme Court nominee John J. Parker for his white supremacist and anti-union views and then defeat senators who voted for confirmation, and a skillful effort to lobby Congress and the Roosevelt administrat ion to pass a federal anti-lynching law.Southern senators filibustered, but they could not prevent the formation of a national consensus against lynching; by 1938 the number of lynching’s declined steeply. Through the 1930s and much of the 1940s, the NAACP initiated suits that dismantled aspects of the edifice of segregated education, each building on the precedent of the previous one. Not until the late 1940s did the NAACP believe it politically feasible to challenge directly the constitutionality of â€Å"separate but equal† education itself. . What did the â€Å"Scottsboro Boys† case illustrate about society? What role did racism play? The case of the Scottsboro Boys shows the deep seated, racist, white fear of the alleged black male rapist, in this case in the guise of youth. It showed the power of this fear to, override evidence and reason in the determination of guilt and innocence. The issue was neither guilt nor innocence; rather, it maintained white sup remacy and the repression of black freedom.Nevertheless, the concerted efforts to undo the wrongs against the Scottsboro Boys contributed significantly to the ongoing African-American struggle and the interrelated struggle to defeat Jim Crow 5. What was the role of the Communist Party during the 1920s and 1930s. Why did some blacks find communism appealing? How did the communists affect civil rights activism? During the 1930's, the Communist Party was heavily involved in the struggles of the people which arose during the Depression. Communists advocated for unemployment insurance, the right to organize, and for Social Security.The Communist Party attracted some blacks because it consistently renounced racism, worked on economic issues, and pursued legal equity and social justice for blacks. Ch 19 Questions 7. How did the Chicago Renaissance differ from the Harlem Renaissance? 8. How did African Americans create and employ popular culture to counteract negative stereotypes of black p eople? 9. How did music create a bridge between blacks and whites? 10. How did radio allow African Americans to get their music heard? 11. How did Hollywood films portray African American men and women during the 1930s and 1940s? 2. How did the images of African Americans in film and radio affect white attitudes and behavior toward blacks? 13. Why did black athletes become prominent during the 1930s and 1940s? 14. Explain what the Tuskegee Experiment was, who was responsible for the study, how did it reflect racism in America, and how did it then and now affect the attitudes of African Americans in regard to trusting the health care industry? You may need to review video clips on YouTube on this subject to gather information. Assessment

The black cat essays

The black cat essays The Black Cat The fall of the House of Usher In his first sentence he writes that he wants to tell his story for the most wild yet most homely narratives. He neither expect nor solicit belief. It sets the tone on whether or not you want to believe what he is about to say. He speaks of household events that occur and he doesnt want to expound on them, but he does go into every detail of the events that lead to his arrest. His first encounter with a black cat which in some cultures is symbolic of evil or satanic is just the opposite in the beginning. He even names the black cat Pluto which is the Roman God of the underworld. He has a friendship with the animal that lasts for several years. During that time he feeds it and the black cat follows him all around the house and even follows him when he is walking down the street. He uses the excuse of being an alcoholic as the reason why he maltreated his pets. His disposition went from happy to moody, irritable and more regardless of feelings of others. Which only can be contributed to his excessive drinking? His pets and his wife were made to feel the brunt of his temperament. The black cat was the only one who was not maltreated. But that was soon to change. Because during one of his gin-nurtured haunts about town, upon arriving home he fancied that the black cat avoided his presence. ...

Regrouping and Carrying Over in Mathematics

Regrouping and Carrying Over in Mathematics When kids are learning two-digit addition and subtraction, one of the concepts theyll encounter is regrouping, which is also known as borrowing and carrying, carry-over, or column math. This is an important mathematics concept to learn, because it makes working with large numbers manageable when calculating math problems by hand. Getting Started Before tackling carry-over math, its important to know about place  value, sometimes called base-10. Base-10 is the means by which numerals are assigned place value, depending on where a digit is in relation to the decimal. Each numeric position is 10 times greater than its neighbor. Place value determines a digits numerical value.   For example, 9 has a greater numerical value than 2. They are also both single whole numbers less than 10, meaning their place value is the same as their numerical value. Add them together, and the result has a numerical value of 11. Each of the 1s in 11 has a different place value, however. The first 1 occupies the tens position, meaning it has a place value of 10. The second 1 is in the ones position. It has a place value of 1. Place value will come in handy when adding and subtracting, especially with double-digit numbers and larger figures. Addition Addition is where the carry-over principle of math comes into play. Lets take a simple addition question like 34 17.   Begin by lining up the two figures vertically, or on top of one another. This is called column  addition because 34 and 17 are stacked like a column.Next, some mental math. Start by adding the two digits that occupy the ones place, 4 and 7. The result is 11.  Look at that number. The 1 in the ones place will be the first numeral of your final sum. The digit in the tens position, which is 1, must be then placed on top of the other two digits in the tens position and added together. In other words, you must carry over or regroup the place value as you add.  More mental math. Add the 1 you carried over to digits already lined up in the tens positions, 3 and 1. The result is 5. Place that figure in the tens column of the final sum. Written out horizontally, the equation should look like this: 34 17 51. Subtraction Place value comes into place in subtraction as well. Instead of carrying over values as you do in addition,  you will be taking them away or borrowing them. For example, lets use 34 - 17. As you did in the first example, line up the two numbers in a column, with 34 on top of 17.Again, time for mental math, beginning with the digits in the ones position, 4 and 7. You cant subtract a larger number from a smaller one or youd wind up with a negative. In order to avoid this, we must borrow value from the tens place to make the equation work. In other words, youre taking a numerical value of 10 away from the 3, which has a place value of 30, in order to add it to the 4, giving it a value of 14.  14 - 7 equals 7, which will occupy the ones place in our final sum.  Now, move to the tens position. Because we took away 10 from the place value of 30, it now has a numerical value of 20. Subtract the place value of 2 from the place value of the other figure, 1, and you get 1. Written out horizontally, the final equation looks like this: 34 - 17 17. This can be a hard concept to grasp without visual helpers, but the good news is that there are ​many resources for learning base-10 and regrouping in math, including teacher lesson plans and student worksheets.

Ethics Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics Final - Essay Example When considering how we â€Å"value† life, and how that valuation affects the moral implications of the issues of abortion and euthanasia, we must also consider the quality and stage of life. And with animal rights, while they are inarguably alive, we must define what â€Å"types† of life should deserve specific rights, even if they cannot perceive them. There is an obvious and inherent difference, for most people, in how they value the life of an ant and a human, yet both are alive. So the difficulty, in general, comes in being able to define the concomitant facets of life which â€Å"deserve† rights. Opposite the spectrum of humans might be bacteria. We have living bacteria covering our body, most of which mind their own business and cause us no harm. Yet, we often wash our bodies and are hands in a veritable genocide of these innocent microbes without a second thought. Self-awareness, foresight and planning, the ability to feel pain, the potential of that life to survive and other advanced cognitive and physiological capacities are often important deciding factors in the moral implications of abortion, euthanasia and animal rights. A important knowledge of biology is required to detect, understand, and analyze these aspects. In both abortion and euthanasia, human lives are taken. However, euthanasia in humans is often voluntary, though it may not always be. In the case the voluntary euthanasia, the patient usually has a terminal illness and stands no obvious chances of survival. Their potential for further life is minimal and ultimately they often seek to end chronic pain and suffering. In abortion, however, the human life does not make the sovereign decision of its own life, and it would not be able to. In early abortions, the â€Å"fetus† may only be a number of cells clustered together, not so different from small cellular organisms we à ¢â‚¬Å"kill† everyday. However, these

Influences in Conference and Banqueting industry Assignment

Influences in Conference and Banqueting industry - Assignment Example The paper tells that hospitality industry encompasses the establishments that provide accommodation, meals, drinks, conferencing services among other related services. The hospitality industry provides two major services, which are the overnight accommodation and sustenance for people. The UK tourism industry has recorded tremendous growth over the years, and even during the recession, the industry continued to expand. In 2010 July, the amount spent overseas visitors was  £1.96b, which represented a 15.9% rise as compared to the 2009 value of  £1.69b. This shows how the industry has potential for growth. Therefore, hospitality industry contributes significantly to the economy and employs millions of people. Conference and banqueting is one of the fields under the hospitality industry. This field provides conferencing activities to several people including local residents to international tourists. Banqueting is currently a lucrative business especially with the growth of conferen cing facilities. Banqueting refers to the act of serving food and beverage to a group of individuals eating together, for example, in cerebration or conference. It is a highly profitable venture, and as such, most facilities in the hospitality industry have incorporated it in their services. The hospitality industry is one of the fastest growing industries, and indeed, the largest in the world. In the UK, this industry makes up a significant part of the economy, with its over 50, 000 guest houses and hotels and an annual turnover of  £ 50 billion. In addition, the industry employs over 1.7 million workforce. (British Hospitality Association, 2008). This industry is large and wide, and ranks third among the top sectors that provide employment. The industry is diverse due to ownership, innovation, grading system and classification, leisure facilities, level of service and future trends. Narrowing down, the conference and banqueting industry contributes ? 18.8 billion to the economy of UK according to the UK Events Market Trends Survey results. The business prospect of this industry increases annually, thus, it has attracted many investors especially during the preparation for the 2012 Olympics. Currently, the industry does not only provide meeting and food services, but there are additional services such as shops, nightclubs, hair and beauty salons, internet, gymnasium, shops, and laundry services. Conferencing services are mostly for business people whom after the meetings would prefer to have a little leisure and relaxation. Thus, the conference and banqueting industry has included the mentioned services to ensure that the guests do not leave the premises to go and look for leisure activities elsewhere. Research reveals that most hotels have special facilities in built for conference and banqueting events, as it has emerged a very profitable business area. An example of hotel or hospitality provider that has excelled in the area of conference and banqueting is the Villa Park or Aston Villa. The hotel that offers hospitality and events services emerged the best in the category of ‘Best UK Unusual Events’ during the prestigious M&IT Awards. Apart from excellent services, Villa Park is located centrally less than two miles from the M6, and offers spacious free car parking spaces, which makes it a perfect venue to host events. Another example of facility that offers good conference and banqueting services is The Royal Over-Seas League, which is a Private Members’ club that offers unique services for all kinds of occasions. Referred to as ROSL in short, the facility has eclectic collection of events and meeting rooms, as well as styles and designs that offers exquisite views of various places. Factors that have

Researchers and laboratories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Researchers and laboratories - Essay Example Overall, there is an expectation from this key customer group that there be a cost effective and guaranteed delivery mechanism in the postal services. Time is critical for them. But they are more particular about the time of delivery being committed rather than just being fast. In short, a fast, reliable and economical delivery mechanism is what is expected out of the postal services from this key customer group. The courier service has been picked up as the business for consideration. This would work more like the postal services and would make use of the airline industry which would also benefit by introducing such a service. With the changing and dynamic scenario of currency exchange rates and international travel playing a major role in the airline industry, the courier or postal services will bring in a semblance of stability to the industry. Also, there are gaps in the airline industry which could make operation of the postal services profitable. Based on all these conditions, the airline industry is chosen to support the postal services that are planned for the purpose. In order to evaluate the possible impact of such a postal service on the using customers and the major or key customers and what they look for in this business, a survey is planned. The following groups of people are considered key customers for the business: 1. Researchers and two, Laboratories. These industries requi re delivery of a message or information from the researcher to the lab and vice versa swiftly as well as without any ambiguity. Therefore, the possibility that these people would become a key customer is high. Aims and Objectives The aim of this work is to ensure that an appropriate survey is conducted on a key customer group resulting in gathering relevant information that will help the management to make appropriate decision. The objectives of this project are to conduct a market research and survey on the usefulness and acceptability of a postal service. In order to achieve both the aim and the objectives, it is important that an appropriate target or key customer group is identified. Secondly, a proper questionnaire is also designed for the purpose of conducting a survey. In line with this need, the following jobs are subsequently done. Key Customer Group Many of the schools and colleges have research fellows working under their stewardship. In addition, there are also researchers in private and public labs who are also on the job of research. It will be impossible for the researchers to share their work with their other colleagues without having appropriate communication methodology. Though with the large scale increase in technology, namely internet and email, it is still found that there is nothing that would equal printed paper sharing and the ease with which one can share the printed paper. Therefore, it is imperative that this group of people make use of the postal services more than any other group of people and it would be important for the postal servic

Impact of Recession on Movie Industry

Impact of Recession on Movie Industry Foreword Writing this dissertation was a long and exhausting process which included many setbacks and failures. Nevertheless it also was fulfilling and exciting as I was driven by my passion and interest in movies and cinemas in general. I always intended to work for the movie industry one day and hold well- grounded hopes of achieving this goal in the near future. Maybe this dissertation will help to convince the studios of my passion and capabilities. My thanks go to Mr Nick Bowen, who was an outstanding tutor and helped me through rough and inconvenient times with his competence and great sense of humour. I also would like to thank me interviewees Mr Arwed Fischer and Mr Jan Fantl, who provided me with many important information and an inside into the industry. Without them, a big part of the report would not have reached the standard it has now. Finally, I am very grateful for the help of my parents who made it possible for me to go to London and provided me with everything I needed in order to be successful and happy in the future. I do not want to forget to thank everybody else who supported me during this tough time and cheered me up after one of the occasional setbacks. Executive Summary Recently the film studios are experiencing a boost of attendances and ticket sales despite the financial crisis. This already happened in past recessions and therefore will be analysed in this report. One reason for that economical immunity seems to be the technological development such as sound and colour in the past or 3D cinema nowadays. Nevertheless there are some issues the industry has to deal with at the moment, e.g. piracy or substitution goods like videogames. Although 3D movies did fail continuously in the past in terms of economical success, the studios tried it again with an advanced technology and exceeded all expectations when Avatar was released. In this context factors such as rising ticket prices or the limited number of 3D capable cinemas play a big role as well in order to determine the future potential the 3D technology. A few companies already started to produce and sell 3D capable TVs which are supposed to the next economical success the movie landscape. IMAX cinemas suffered a long period of very low attendances and decreasing ticket sales until advanced 3D technology has been used to produce movies. Since then the IMAX group notes record breaking attendances and boosting profits. Two surveys have been analyzed and compared to each other. One, published in 2005 by Opinion Dynamics Corporation alre ady showed some curious facts on 3D cinema and its likely success in the future. The second one has been generated online by the author of this report in 2010 amongst a group of people from 10 countries. In terms of forecasting a success of 3D movies it is very hard for the studios to forecast the success of a single movie or even a whole new technology. They mostly try to find what is most appealing to the audience (unlike independent productions) and therefore have their analysts forecasting risks and returns. Nevertheless DisplaySearch 3D Display Technology conducted a forecast which is quite optimistic and expects increases in every sector of the movie industry (cinemas, home cinemas etc). The recommendations include the authors personal opinion of how the 3D technology will influence the cinema landscape and the options studios have to market it properly. By interviewing people from the movie industry the author gathered some inside knowledge which he tried to apply to his recommendations. Therefore it is expected that the boom of 3D movies will slow down slightly but continue to strengthen again. In the long term it is expected that the new technology will have a positive impac t on the movie industry. 1. Introduction According to Dreamworks Animation CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg, the upcoming 3D movie technology is the greatest innovation to occur in the movie business in 70 years. (CNN Online, 2008) This statement shows the hope of the whole industry for more attendances and a revolution in the movie market. An increasing amount of movie studios shift their productions towards the new technology. As a result this is discussed in a rising number of TV-shows, magazines and newspapers. Despite the fact that videogames are becoming more popular and the financial credit crisis has reduced average income, going to the movies still seems to be a big part of daily life all over the world. This happens even though the whole film industry seems to be in a crisis, as will be explained below. Initially 3D movies were produced using 2 separate projectors to produce one double image and running two separate rolls of film. Nowadays the technology is far more advanced which means that digital projectors are installed in cinemas producing sharper and steadier images. There also is a difference in production between real movies and animated ones. Animated movies are not produced with real cameras but use computers to create and render every single shot from two angles. Live action movies on the other hand are filmed by new dual lens digital cameras that are able to capture two points of view. (BBC news, 2009) Movie attendances in the United States decreased by 2, 6 %, falling to its lowest level since 1997, whereas revenues fell from $1,484 billion in 2004 to $1,364 billion in 2008. In the same period the amount of screens jumped from 35,993 to 39,476. To be able to show 3D movies, it is necessary to upgrade to digital screens; here the number increased from only 138 in 2004 to 4,576 in 2008, a rising trend. (Marche du film, 2009) Linking these data leads to the conclusion that the movie industry is keen to establish and invest in a new technology in order to make going to the cinema more attractive to its customers and increase attendances in the short and long-term. The following report analyses the current status of the movie industry and shows the likely economic impact in times of recession on the worldwide market. The industries main current issues and a forecast based on trends and profound market research are also examined. 2. Literature Review This chapter summarises and evaluates the related research of what has been written about the research topic. Opinions and data from many different people, working for the movie industry or being close enough to venture a forecast, have been taken into account and evaluated objectively. The chapter also defines and explains the new 3D movie technology, its history and its characteristics from different perspectives. Furthermore it covers several models and theories and talks about reports and how to estimate their importance. This is followed by an evaluation to point out weaknesses or gaps in the literature. The final part will consist of a link to the initial research question and what the plan for proceeding is. Overall, there are 3 main questions to be covered in this chapter: 1. How did big studios fight back in past recessions? 2. How have technical developments influenced business in the past in different markets? 3. What are current issues in the industry? It also is evident that due to the newness of the topic chosen, there are certain constraints in terms of what kind of literature is currently available. Therefore the main sources cited are websites as well as primary research. 2.1 Comebacks of the Studios in Past Recessions After the first big Wall Street Crash in 1929, admissions rose by 58% compared to the previous year. (Entertainment times online, 2008) According to John Fithian, president of the National Association of Theatre Owners in America, this means that â€Å"In the past four decades there have been seven recession years in this country, and the box office has climbed strongly in five of those years,† (Entertainment times online, 2008) According to the Academy of Management Journal (1996), between 1936 -1950 property based resources such as long-term contracts with stars and theatres helped financial performance to stabilize. Contrary to the period of 1951-65, when knowledge- based resources such as coordination and production talent and budgets increased financial performance. (Academy of Management Journal, 1996, pp. 519-543) Asking some of the most important and powerful people in the U.S. and UK movie industry shows that the majority believes that the current recession either is an opportunity or even a reason for rising sales. But what is the reason for that surprising success in economic downturns? Besides new technologies, which unfortunately are not always released at the right time, the studios decide to publish more comedies and action movies, to help the audience to escape from their monetary problems. In the USA, three of the top-five movies in terms of gross profit of 2009 are comedies: Mall Cop, Hes Just Not That into You and Bride Wars. (CNN movies, 2009) This permits us to draw the conclusion that a recession does not necessarily lead to a break-down of sales in the movie industry. But did past recessions really have no impact or even a positive impact on the movie industry? Not everyone agrees with the theory of increasing sales in recessions though. Gerald Peary, a documentary filmmaker and critic in Boston, Massachusetts, believes that the market will be flooded with intellectually less challenging movies since they are the ones that are more likely to succeed on the audience with smaller budget. In his opinion The dumber the movie is, sometimes, the more money it makes, which states that Those movies are somehow both critic proof and depression proof. (CNN movies, 2009) Another point of view is represented by Basinger, the film historian who assumes that it is still too soon to predict any trends concerning the recession and movies. She points out that recessions leads to faster changes in the movie scene. Also for her, going to the movies is not highly affected by the crisis, as it still is [] the cheapest and fullest way to abandon your troubles and lose yourself in a story. (CNN movies, 2009) Even in some of the worst recessions, economy ever has experienced, the movie industry mostly has been of the few sectors that was able to maintain its position in the market or even increase admissions. This is due to peoples not changing consumer behaviour. Even though they got affected by economic downturns, most of them still wanted to escape from their misery for a few hours. It also is an opportunity for independent film makers to realize low-budget productions, as movie studios get more cost- conscious when their stocks fall during a crisis. Henceforth studios prefer to invest little money in innovative productions and directors hoping for a reasonable return of investment. 2.2 Technological influence on Business in the past Around 120 years ago, films were little more than drawings that seemed to come alive with motion. Then, in 1877 Emile Reynaud had patented a machine, the ‘Praxinoscope, which projected seemingly moving paintings onto a screen. An upgrade of his invention, the Projection Praxinoscope, which was a large-scale Praxinoscope, got patented in 1888 and was used for public projection. Reynaud started to screen his films, accompanied by music on a regular base. Yet that early atmosphere and technology were very similar to today screenings. (Kinogeschichte, 2009) Using spools to feed and take-up the extended picture band, sequences were no longer limited to short cyclic movements. This was the first and important step for commercial use which has been so essential for successful cinematography. (Exeter, 2000) Nevertheless, there were still many issues concerning films, amongst other things the length of them or the lack of sound. To compensate this problem, it was tried to create a more realistic, narrative and psychological atmosphere using on-screen text and a pianist accompanying the film. Back in 1927, after the introduction of movies with full sound, cinema attendances jumped up from 57 million to 90 million in 1930 (Shmoop statistics, 2009) and made them even more popular. This demonstrates that introducing a revolutionary technology can lead to soaring attendances and higher box office sales for the studios. Also the lack of colour on screen was tried to be compensated to improve the movie experience. One of the first ideas was to tint the film reels but later prising companies such as ‘Technicolor and ‘Eastmancolor, made it possible to use new ways of colouring and achieved the objective of a deeper and more intense atmosphere. (Inventors library) Nowadays black/white movies disappeared almost completely from the world of movies. Although, the success of films like ‘Schindlers List (Steven Spielberg, 1993) and ‘Clerks (Kevin Smith, 1994) shows that it is still possible to achieve commercial and critical success with monochrome. (David Parkinson 1995, pg 112) After releasing the first full-colour, La Cucaracha (1934), coloured movies became more and more popular. In the late 1930s, the films,Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937, Disney), were a huge success. Last one still is considered a milestone as it was thefirstfeature-length animated film. (Filmsite, 2007) Introducing new, revolutionary technologies and giving them the chance to go to maturity stage of the product lifecycle always has been very profitable for movie studios. Be it the implementation of sound or the introduction of colour, people loved to spend their money on being amused in cinemas. 2.3. Current issues in the industry There are more problems and issues the movie industry has to deal with besides the current substantial crisis and recessions. These will be examined in the following sections. 2.3.1 Videogames as substitution goods Amongst many threats for the movie industry such as the highly developed internet, DVDs and an increasing amount of home activities, one of the main problems for the movie theatres and studios is the rising and durable success of videogames. First released in the 1980s, videogames have been designed for a significantly smaller target audience. This was attributed to the fact computers were still in the early stage of their product life cycle and thus the presence of computers in the average household was a much less common occurrence. The commercial use of computers was much more prominent during this period, than their household residential usage. Even with the introduction of platforms such as the SNES (Super Nintendo Entertainment System) in the 1990s, the Videogame industry was still viewed as a niche market. It was never anticipated to develop into a competitor of the movie industry as it is nowadays. Currently, the profit generated from videogames equates to that of their movie counterparts. Current trends indicate that consumers have a tendency to spend more on buying videogames as opposed to going to the movies which has been identified as a huge threat for the studios. Just recently, in the beginning of November 2009, Activision Blizzard Incs released Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 and anticipated more than $660 million in sales from 11-13 million sold units by the end of 2009. Also previous games were big hits in terms of sales as the table below shows. Top video games sales on their first day ( Reuters, 2009) Figure 1 These data can be compared to Top Hollywood worldwide opening weekends: ( Reuters, 2009) Figure 2 As aforementioned and illustrated by the tables (Figure 1 Figure 2) above, it is evident that data solidifies the trend that an increasing number of consumers are changing their consumer behaviour and purchasing videogames which they may enjoy at home. Another possibility for the rising success of videogames could be the fact of potential consumers rather staying home than spending money on transport for getting there and quite expensive snacks and drinks in the cinema. This data backs up the trend that more and more consumers tend to shift from going to the movies to buying videogames which they can enjoy at home. Even if they are more expensive (around $50/ unit depending on the platform) the duration of playing them is far higher than only two hours. This makes them a substitution good with which the studios have to deal with now and most likely even more in the future. On the other hand this also creates new opportunities for the movie and the game industry to work together and create profits by co-operating. This is already working in terms of converting movies to videogames but also the other way around. 2.3.2 Piracy Another very recent issue and problem for the movie industry is the rapid spread of illegal movie copies, also known as pirate copy. In 2007, downloads of movies rose by 50 % in Germany, mostly saved as digital copies. ( Welt online, 2009) According to The Institute for Policy Innovation (IPI), the cost of motion picture piracy is significant high and an essential threat to the studios and the whole industry. The loss for the movie industry was $6, 1 billion in 2006. Taking all industries into account that are related to the movies that number would add up to $20.5 billion annually. This means that not only the studios and related companies lose money. It also means that people are losing jobs. Piracy being absent, 141,030 new jobs would have been added to the U.S. economy in 2006 (IPI, 2006) Henceforth the studios are in an on-going war with the movie pirates trying to reduce losses. The enormous impact on U.S. and worldwide economy forced the industry to consider distinct strategie s to decrease or even stop piracy. Besides Ads, showing movie pirates chased by police and going to prison as for every other federal crime, the industry also adopted a hard line by suing them for compensation. This found its peak in sending four men to prison for one year and ordering them to pay $3.6 million of compensation to major film companies such as Warner Brothers, Columbia, Twentieth Century Fox, Sony BMG and EMI. (CNN Piracy, 2009) They operated a Swedish movie pirate website which has been judged of being illegal. In total, piracy and the recession have reduced DVD sales in the UK by around 10 % and in the US by even 13 %. The problem for the studios is that DVD sales are responsible for half a titles long-term profits and more than double the revenue than from tickets sold. (Independent Online 3D Revolution, 2010) Hence Hollywood always tries to find new ways of protecting their movies and anticipate copyright theft. Consequently they always need new technologies which cannot be hacked but according to Arwed Fischer (Fischer, 2010), it is almost impossible to find the perfect safety. Hackers are able to break any copy protection within days or hours. In fact, this made him quit the job as resources seem to be wasted on nothing. Critics on the other hand state that the way of how to calculate losses for the movie industry is neither transparent nor comprehensible. The studios claim that each single pirate copy is the same as one loss of attendance. This is one of the reasons why mentioned losses are extraordinary high. People that just downloaded the movie and never considered going to the cinema or buying it on DVD are not included in these statistics which makes them quite subjective. On the other hand, the new 3D technology makes studios feel quite safe at the moment as it yet is impossible to pirate 3D featured movies. Hence people who want to experience this new way of cinema must go to the m ovies and pay for their tickets. James Cameron also is aware of this unique selling point when he says: You can pirate a 3D movie but you cant pirate it in 3D, so you cant bottle that 3D experience. (New Yorker Online, 2009) Although this is a justifiable and legitimate objection, piracy remains one of the industries biggest problems. Even if not each ‘pirate can be considered a loss of attendance and ticket sales, it remains an act of stealing. The studios spend millions of Dollars to produce profitable movies which are linked to many jobs. That should not be undermined by downloading movies instead of going to see them in the cinemas and pay the entrance fee. 3. Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction This chapter explains the approaches used to facilitate a precise and specific answer to the initial research question. In order to gather relevant and accurate information both, quantitative and qualitative data will be used. However the authors focus will be on qualitative data collection. The potential bias of primary is quite low due to a wide range of interview partners, all from different sides. Secondary data has been gathered under same criteria in order to minimise the risk of potential bias. Where, if possible, the author tried to look for alternative explanations and to show that he was aware of any potential bias. 3.2 Justification of Research Perspective Every research requires distinct methods recommended for structuring research programs. In this dissertation, it has been chosen to base all outcomes and results on actual data or professional forecasts like interviews, surveys and questionnaires. Copies of them can be found in the appendix. A high level of discipline was necessary and essential at the beginning of the research. Even though it got disappointing at some points, as the researcher took a wrong path, objectives from books by Mark Saunders (2009) helped the author to keep focused and motivated. According to Saunders * â€Å"Data are collected systematically * Data are interpreted systematically * There is a clear purpose; to find things out† (Saunders et al, 2009) 3.3 Primary Data Collection The author attempted to use all the important primary data collection methods such as interviews, networking and surveys in order to analyse the data objectively. This leads towards an accurate answer to the initial research question. Interviews with people from the movie industry such as former employees of copyright companies and cinema owners have given a deep insight into the topic. Interviewees are: * Arwed Fischer, former employee of X-Protect GmbH in Munich * Representative of the Kinopolis group, one of the biggest German cinema chains, who wants to stay anonymous. * Jan Fantl, producer, production manager and former director Several approaches for the interview structure have been considered and led to the following conclusion: Although unstructured interviews have the advantage of complete freedom in terms of content and structure ( Kumar R, 2005), the author of this report decided to mostly use structured or hybrid interviews for his research purposes. This represents a spot in-between the unstructured and structured interviews in Figure 3. That was given due to the fact that face-to face interview were not possible for a number of reasons such as travelling cost or lack of time of the interviewees. Nevertheless personal interviews would have given the author some advantages such as observing his interviewee as well as listening to him or the chance to gather the data more efficiently. (Hollwitz, J. Wilson, C.E. 41-52) Therefore it has been decided to make use of telephone interviews, which are far less costly than personal ones, and mail questionnaires which require accurate question design to match reading comprehension of the interviewees. (Using Structured Interviewing Techniques, 1991) Especially mail interviews have been proofed to be quite efficient because interviewees took their time to think about the questions before answering them. An online survey has been generated and distributed by the author of this report. 47 people aged 22- 50 and from 10 countries filled out this online survey which has been piloted before with 5 people in order to make it more precise and accurate for a wider audience. It was created on the 07.April 2010 and has been closed on the 07.May 2010 .To generate it the online platform www.surveymonkey.com has been used. The complete survey can be found in the appendix of this report. Due to easier access given times and resources it was not possible to have interviews in other countries like the USA or India. At a later point in this report it has been compared to another survey taken by Opinion Dynamics Corporation in 2005 before the 3D technology boomed yet. This will show the process and change of customers opinion on 3D movies. Also a questionnaire has been conducted by the author. It has been sent via to several people of the movie industry. The response rate was rather poor as asked peo ple seemed to be busy. Standard questions have been used in order to facilitate the collection of data and due to limitations in terms of time and resources. The questionnaire can be found in the appendices in section 8.1 As aforementioned, the potential bias has been considered in the evaluation process. Another option to be deemed is the use of a supervisor or mentor. He made sure that collected data was rather objective than subjective and could provide the author with constructive criticism. 3.4 Secondary Data Collection Thanks to a wider range of secondary data available, the author collected a lot of relevant information on the topic. He did this through a critical evaluation of literature, not only from the USA but also from Europe to accomplish a fair and accurate picture of the industry and its potential in the future. Parts of the research were also based on past and current trends and forecasts that justify arguments and recommendations. In order to sufficiently cut down the total amount of data, the author interpreted data sourced mainly from smaller subgroups rather than â€Å"all possible groups† (Saunders et al 2009, p 150 152)This method saves the author valuable time and also makes research and evaluation of data more efficient by using a smaller pool of information. As every other method, this one also has disadvantages, such as gathering the wrong kind of data or using irrelevant data which cannot answer the initial research question accurately. Also some academic literature such as the The Academy of Management Journal has been used to provide a different angle of the research question. A SWOT analysis on the current situation of the 3D Technology and outline possible threats and opportunities for the whole movie industry has been carried out. As a planning tool a SWOT analysis has many benefits like the simplicity of taking one. Nevertheless this can lead to problems like underestimating the value of a SWOT analysis or to an imprecise and weakly conducted analysis. (Ferrel Hardline, 2007, p. 119-120) More benefits can be seen in Figure 4: (Ferrel Hardline, 2007) Figure 4 3.5 Conclusion of Methodology Using all the aforementioned methods and approaches, the author attempted to find an accurate answer to the research question. Giving the reader a deep insight into the topic and a widespread view of the 3D Technology opportunities and risks has lead to a complete understanding of the subject. All data has been analyzed and evaluated neutrally so a conclusion has been objectively drawn. 4. Findings and Analysis This chapter starts with an explanation of the technical side of 3D technology used today followed by an overview of the history of 3D movies and a SWOT analysis. After that, the role of 3D movies in general and in combination with IMAX cinemas as well as the importance of Avatar will be discussed. The chapter will concluded with the comparison of two surveys (for further information please see research methodology) and a forecast. 4.1. How does 3D technology exactly work? First of all, the binocular vision system is based on the fact that the eyes of a human being are spaced 5 cm apart. Consequently each eye sees the picture from a different angle. At the same time the binocular vision system in a brain is using the difference to calculate the distance. The brain also has the ability to show a relationship between those images even though they are slightly different. The brain can choose objects in the two scenes and work out how far an object is between those images. (How Stuff works 3D glasses, 2010) The reason for wearing 3d glasses is to provide different images into your eyes. The movie screen in fact shows two different images and the glasses cause one of the images to go into one eye and the other one to enter the second eye. There are two widespread systems of doing it * Polarization: The majority of the big studios such as Disney or Universal the first choice are polarized lenses for the glasses because they allow colour viewing. Two synchronized projectors project two individual views onto the screen, each with a diverse polarization. The glasses only let one of the images to enter each eye because they hold lenses that are polarized as well. This is comparable with the polarization of sunglasses. (Filmindustry, 2009) * Red/Green or Red/ Blue. Since polarization cannot be used on a traditional TV screen (unlike on upcoming 3D TVs which will be dealt with later on in section 4.7) the red/green system is used. Again 2 images are displayed on the screen, one in red and one in blue/green. The filters of the glasses only allow one picture to enter each eye. The brain has to correlate those pictures as aforementioned. It is not really possible to use a nor

Avons Marketing Strategy Essay -- essays research papers

Avon’s mission statement is to be the company that best understands and satisfies the product service and self-fulfillment needs of women globally. They state on their web site that their dedication to supporting women touches not only beauty-but health, fitness, self-empowerment and financial independence. This is a good mission statement for a company selling beauty products to women all over the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Avon started selling beauty products door to door in 1886. For generations women have been purchasing Avon products from small catalogues through a representative calling on consumers in their homes. During the days when most women were at home rather than building their own careers this method of direct selling was appropriate. In 1979 Avon purchased Tiffany & Co Jewelers as well as a chemical maker and health-product company. By the year 1988 Avon was removing themselves from the health care industry. Their debt had reached $1.2 billion and stock prices had bottomed out. During 1989 Avon was the target of two take over attempts. The company was successful in warding off both bids. Avon launched their new web site in 1997. This was a turning point for the company as they were offering products directly to the customers thus cutting out the need for the representatives that they had spent decades relying on. Avon estimated that they had 500,000 sales representativ es in the United States alone. The sales results from this Internet site have not produced the gain the company had hoped for. In 1998 Avon set up mall kiosks around the United States. This was their first attempt at operating retail stores. This was a major departure in the way the company has done business in the past. The intention of the kiosks was to aim sales at younger consumers not already aware of the Avon brand. To help the relationships between Avon and its sales representatives these kiosks are now franchised to the representatives. Andrea Jung was named CEO of Avon in 1999. During the year 2000 Avon relaunched its web site emphasizing the availability of Avon representatives on line to help potential customers with their needs. At the same time Avon created a new product line to be carried by major retailers and sold only in stores.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Avon’s sales have increased but at a rate of only 5% per year during the past ten years ... ... telephone number that commission is earned and this is not a way to gather information for other purposes. Avon will want to make customers aware that they now have the opportunity to shop in the convenience of their own home, and one of the most inexpensive forms of advertising will surely be word-of-mouth. This will certainly be used if sales reps are confident that they will receive the amount of commissions they deserve. As a result, Avon will also want to implement a â€Å"first time user profile† that will allow customer’s who are registering for online purchases to indicate who has referred them to their sites, and provide an incentive such as commission if this person is a sales representative.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Avon will be able to measure its success by monitoring its sales and profit growth. The company will also want to evaluate the market share it owns in the online business in comparison to competitors. Should this online business fail to be profitable in the long run, the company may want to reevaluate its current target market and determine if the most users of their products do have access to computers and feel comfortable using this new method of shopping

Research Paper Essay

Pharmaceutical Companies, Intellectual Property, and the Global AIDS Epidemic This case is provided at the end of chapter 3 of your text (Luthans and Doh). After reading the case, and performing research on the topic, answer the following questions: 1.) Do pharmaceutical companies have a responsibility to distribute drugs for free or at low cost in developing countries? What are the main arguments for and against such an approach? 2.) What are the principal arguments of pharma companies who oppose making exception to IPR laws for developing countries? What are the arguments by NGOs and others for a differential treatment? 3.) What impact would you expect South Africa’s decision to levy duties on drug imports from Western nations to have on the international distribution of drugs to South Africa? 4.) In June 2002, the WTO extended the transition period during which least-developed countries (LDCs) had to provide patent protection for pharmaceuticals. In your opinion, do you think this is an appropriate change in policy, or a dangerous precedent? What could be some of the negative ramifications of this resolution? What about effects for other industries? 5.) Given the initiatives announced by global development and aid organizations and among pharmaceutical companies themselves, was it necessary to relax IPR rules in order to ensure that adequate supplies of AIDs medications would be available for distribution in the developing world? 6.) What role do MNCs have in providing funding or other assistance to international organizations such as the Global Fund? Present your answers using APA-format: Eight to ten pages, double-spaced, using 12-point Times New Roman font. Also, please be sure to cite all scholarly information paraphrased or quoted from your researched sources of information on the case topic. Finally, be sure to include a separate Reference Page on which you list all of your research information sources according to correct APA citation style, depending on the kind of source: book, chapter, published article, internet article, etc. Submit this assignment to your instructor in Learning Plan 6 via the Assignment Drop Box labeled Research Paper. This assignment is worth 275 points and will be graded based on the Writing Intensive Rubric. Be sure that your paper shows multiple revisions with improved focus and clear writing for a general audience. Please remember to check your paper against the criteria in the Writing Intensive Research Paper Rubric before submitting it (see link above in this paragraph). Also, please let your Instructor know if you have any questions at all regarding producing or submitting this Research Paper assignment as the course progresses.a